Perbankan Syariah dalam Perspektif Hukum Perdata dan Pidana Serta Perbandingan Sistem Perbankan Syariah Global

Renaldi Ikhsan; Muhammad  Fadhil; Nurnasrina

doi:10.64131/ahad.v2i2.77

Authors

Renaldi Ikhsan Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau Author
Muhammad Fadhil Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau Author
Nurnasrina Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64131/ahad.v2i2.77

Keywords:

Islamic banking, civil law, criminal law, sharia contracts

Abstract

Islamic banking is a financial system based on Islamic principles, including the prohibition of riba (interest), gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (gambling), while emphasizing justice and public welfare in economic activities. This study aims to analyze Islamic banking from the perspectives of civil law and criminal law in Indonesia, as well as to compare the implementation of Islamic banking systems at the global level. The research employs a normative juridical method using a statutory, conceptual, and comparative approach, supported by an analysis of relevant laws, regulations, legal doctrines, and scholarly literature. The results indicate that, from a civil law perspective, the legal relationship between Islamic banks and customers is based on sharia contracts (akad) that function as binding agreements under general contract law, with specific characteristics derived from sharia principles. From a criminal law perspective, Islamic banking institutions remain subject to general and special criminal provisions, particularly in cases involving banking crimes, fraud, and money laundering, without exemption due to their sharia-based nature. Furthermore, the global comparison shows significant variations in Islamic banking systems, where some countries fully adopt Islamic banking, while others apply a dual banking system or integrate Islamic banking within conventional financial frameworks. These differences are influenced by national legal systems, regulatory policies, and institutional support. This study concludes that Islamic banking represents not only a religious-based economic system but also a complex legal entity that interacts closely with civil law, criminal law, and global legal dynamics.

References

Arifin, M. I. M. I. (2021). Eksistensi hukum ekonomi syariah dalam hukum perdata. Lentera: Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Islamic Studies, 3(2), 87–102.

Azhar, A., & Fikri, K. M. S. N. S. (2024). ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN SISTEM HUKUM ISLAM DAN SISTEM HUKUM POSITIF. SINERGI: Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, 1(8), 554–565.

Djamil, F. (2022). Penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah di bank syariah. Sinar Grafika.

Hardiati, N., Pary, H., & Damayanti, P. A. (2021). Penyusunan Kontrak Perjanjian Pembiayaan Ba’I Murabahah dalam Persfektif Perjanjian Hukum Perdata dan Hukum Perjanjian Syariah (studi di PT. Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Kopo Bandung). Al-Qisthu: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-Ilmu Hukum, 19(1), 70–83.

Hasnati, H., & Shandy, A. (2019). Perbandingan Prinsip Good Corporate Governance pada Bank Konvensional dan Bank Syariah dalam Sistem Hukum di Indonesia. Mizan: Journal of Islamic Law, 3(2), 197–207.

Hasnita, N. (2012). Politik hukum ekonomi syariah di Indonesia. LEGITIMASI: Jurnal Hukum Pidana Dan Politik Hukum, 1(2), 108–124.

Hidayah, P. A. (2024). Alternatif Pidana dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia. Economic Reviews Journal, 3(1), 688–694.

Hidayat, R., & Komarudin, P. (2017). Tinjauan Hukum Kontrak Syariah Terhadap Ketentuan Force Majeure Dalam Hukum Perdata. Syariah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran, 17(1).

Imaniyati, N. S. (2005). Pencucian Uang (Money Laundering) Dalam Perspektif Hukum Perbankan Dan Hukum Islam. Mimbar: Jurnal Sosial Dan Pembangunan, 21(1), 93–114.

Irawan, H., Dianita, I., & Mulya, A. D. S. (2021). Peran bank syariah Indonesia dalam pembangunan ekonomi nasional. Jurnal Asy-Syarikah: Jurnal Lembaga Keuangan, Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 3(2), 147–158.

Pramesti, D. A., Siswajanthy, F., Bahar, S., Permana, T. Y., & Bhakti, T. K. D. (2023). Perbandingan regulasi hukum perbankan dalam sistem operasional bank konvensional dan bank syariah: Studi kasus terhadap kepatuhan terhadap prinsip-prinsip syariah. Jurnal Justitia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Humaniora, 6(2), 594–598.

Priyambada, M. K. (2011). Komparasi Perjanjian Kredit Pada Bank Konvensional Dan Bank Syariah Dalam Perspektif Kitab Undang Undang Hukum Perdata.

Rachmadi Usman, S. H. (2022). Aspek hukum perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Sinar Grafika.

Sahir, S. H. (2021). Metodologi penelitian. Penerbit KBM Indonesia.

Wiyani, M. P. T., & Sholahuddin, M. (2024). Perbandingan kinerja keuangan bank syariah di Indonesia dengan bank syariah di Malaysia periode 2022. Cakrawala Repositori IMWI, 7(1), 360–368.